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Switzerland is unusual in having a collective head of state, the seven-member Federal Council, which doubles up as the country's cabinet. The council was set up by the constitution of 1848, which is still in force today. Members are elected for four-year terms by a joint session of both houses of parliament, although in practice changes in membership are rare, making the Federal Council one of the world's most stable governments. The election of a new female minister to the Federal Council in September 2010 gave the cabinet a majority of women for the first time in the country's history. Each year, by tradition, a different member of the council fills the largely ceremonial post of federal president on a rotating basis. The office does not confer the status of head of state, which is held jointly by all the councillors.
Switzerland is unusual in having a collective head of state, the seven-member Federal Council, which doubles up as the country's cabinet. The council was set up by the constitution of 1848, which is still in force today. Members are elected for four-year terms by a joint session of both houses of parliament, although in practice changes in membership are rare, making the Federal Council one of the world's most stable governments. The election of a new female minister to the Federal Council in September 2010 gave the cabinet a majority of women for the first time in the country's history. Each year, by tradition, a different member of the council fills the largely ceremonial post of federal president on a rotating basis. The office does not confer the status of head of state, which is held jointly by all the councillors.


The average wealth of just 150 Swiss residents (avg. $500,000 per adult 2018), a small village, is enough were it combined to have independently funded one of the missions of ISRO, the Indian Space Programme ($74 million 2018).
The average wealth of just 150 Swiss residents (avg. $500,000 per adult 2018), a small village, is enough were it combined to have independently funded one of the missions of ISRO, the Indian Space Programme ($74 million 2018).
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103. It was already planned since ancient times that things would arise in such a way as they have arisen and are today.<br>
103. It was already planned since ancient times that things would arise in such a way as they have arisen and are today.<br>
104. However, no compulsions were exercised; rather, only impulses were sent to the persons concerned, according to which they then acted and according to their own will.</blockquote>
104. However, no compulsions were exercised; rather, only impulses were sent to the persons concerned, according to which they then acted and according to their own will.</blockquote>
'''Switzerland Chronology Of Recent History Timeline'''
: 1815 - In the wake of the Napoleonic wars, the borders of Switzerland - and the territory's neutrality - are established at the Congress of Vienna.
: 1848 - Federal constitution defines the political system, providing for a centralised government.
: 1874 - Revised constitution allows for the exercise of direct democracy by referendum.
: 1914-18 - Switzerland organises Red Cross units during World War I.
: 1919-20 - Treaty of Versailles reaffirms Swiss neutrality.
: 1920 - Joins League of Nations. League's headquarters established in Geneva.
: 1923 - Customs union with Liechtenstein.
: 1939-45 - Federal Council issues a declaration of neutrality at start of World War II. Refuses to join United Nations.
: 1959 - Founder-member of European Free Trade Association (Efta).
: 1963 - Joins Council of Europe.
: 1967 - Right-wing groups campaign to restrict entry of foreign workers.
: 1971 - Women granted right to vote in federal elections.
: 1979 - After referendum, French-speaking part of Bern becomes separate canton of Jura.
: 1985 - Referendum guarantees women legal equality with men within marriage.
: 1986 - Referendum opposes UN membership by three to one. Immigrant numbers restricted.
: 1992 - Switzerland joins World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF) but December referendum rejects membership of European Economic Area - a free-trade zone.
: 1994 - Referendum approves law making racial discrimination and denial of Nazi Holocaust illegal. Laws tightened against drugs traffickers and illegal immigrants.
: 1995 - Swiss Banking Association announces - after pressure from Jewish groups - it has uncovered dormant pre-1945 bank accounts containing millions of dollars.
: 1998 August - Swiss banks agree $1.25bn compensation deal with Holocaust survivors and families.
Right-wing gains
: 1999 October - General election strengthens right-wing vote. The People's Party (SVP), led by Christoph Blocher, becomes second strongest political force in the country with nearly a quarter of the vote.
: 2001 March - Voters reject moves to open talks on joining the European Union.
: 2001 June - Swiss vote narrowly in favour of allowing their soldiers to carry weapons during peacekeeping missions abroad.
: 2001 September - Parliament votes overwhelmingly in favour of United Nations membership, paving the way for a referendum on the issue.
: 2001 October - Eleven die as huge fire breaks out after crash in Gotthard tunnel.
: 2001 December - Voters reject proposal to scrap the army.
: 2002 January - Bankrupt national carrier Swissair relaunched as Swiss.
: 2002 March - A narrow majority of Swiss vote in favour of joining the United Nations in a referendum.
: 2002 June - Swiss people vote in referendum to decriminalise abortion which will be allowed in first 12 weeks of pregnancy. A proposal which would have tightened the already strict abortion law is rejected in a separate referendum.
: 2002 September - Switzerland formally becomes a member of the UN.
: 2002 November - By narrowest of margins, referendum rejects drastic tightening of asylum laws.
: 2003 May - Nine different issues put to referendum. Swiss vote against abolition of nuclear power, new proposals on rights for the disabled and the introduction of car-free Sundays but in favour of army cuts and changes to civil defence.
: 2003 October - The right-wing Swiss People's Party (SVP) becomes the biggest force in parliament after winning almost 28% of the vote in general elections.
: 2003 December - Parliament agrees to grant right-wing Swiss People's Party second post in seven-seat government at the expense of the Christian Democrats, altering the "magic formula" which had brought stability to Swiss politics since 1959.
: 2004 May - Agreement signed with EU on taxing accounts held in Swiss banks by EU taxpayers.
: 2004 September - Voters in a referendum reject moves to relax strict naturalisation laws. The result is seen as a victory for the right-wing.
: 2004 November - Referendum votes in favour of allowing scientific research using stem cells taken from human embryos.
: 2005 June - Voters in referendum support joining EU Schengen and Dublin agreements and extending rights for same-sex couples.
: 2005 September - Referendum vote goes in favour of opening job market to workers from the 10 newest European Union countries.
: 2005 November - Referendum backs five-year ban on use of genetically modified crops.
: 2006 September - Voters in a national referendum back plans to make their asylum laws among the toughest in the West.
: 2007 January-May - Ex-directors of Swissair, which collapsed in 2001, are in the dock in Switzerland's biggest corporate trial. They are all cleared.
: 2007 September - Row over Swiss People's Party's ''kick out the black sheep'' poster aimed at deporting foreigners who commit crimes.
: 2007 October - Elections. Swiss People's Party (SVP) boosts its standing as the biggest group in parliament, scooping nearly 29% of the vote.
: 2007 December - Swiss People's Party (SVP) quits the governing coalition after one of its leaders, Christoph Blocher, is forced from his cabinet seat.
: 2008 June - Voters reject referendum initiative to limit naturalisation of foreigners by allowing Swiss communes to vote on individual cases.
: 2008 October - Libya cancels all oil deliveries to Switzerland and withdraws assets worth billions of dollars from Swiss banks in response to the arrest of leader Muammar Gaddafi's son, Hannibal. Mr Gaddafi and his wife were detained for assault but the charges were later dropped.
: 2008 December - Swiss People's Party (SVP) rejoins the governing coalition with the election of party member Ueli Maurer to the Federal Council.
: 2009 January - Swiss economy officially goes into recession.
: 2009 March - Switzerland's government announces it will relax its rules on banking secrecy to allow Swiss financial institutions to co-operate with international investigations into tax evasion.
: 2009 September - Swiss economy returns to growth.
: 2009 November - Swiss voters approve referendum initiative banning the construction of minarets.
: 2010 September - Election of fourth female minister to seven-member Federal Council gives Swiss cabinet majority of women for first time ever.
: 2010 November - Swiss voters approve referendum initiative on automatically deporting foreigners who have committed serious crimes.
: 2011 February - Voters in a referendum reject plans for tighter gun controls.
: 2011 May - In the wake of the crisis at Japan's Fukushima nuclear plant, Switzerland becomes the first country in Europe to announce plans to phase out nuclear power.
: 2011 September - The government announces that the Swiss franc is to be pegged to the euro, after Swiss manufacturers warn that the currency's strength is making Swiss exports uncompetitive and risks tipping the country back into recession.
: 2011 October - Right-wing Swiss People's Party loses ground in parliamentary elections, but remains the largest party.
: 2012 April - The government re-imposes immigration quotas on workers from central and eastern European Union countries, through a "safeguard clause" in its agreement with the EU on freedom of movement. The EU criticises the decision.
: 2012 November - The Ecopop environmentalist group collects enough signatures to force a national referendum to cap annual population growth at 0.2%, by drastically restricting immigration.
: 2013 June - Lower house of parliament refuses to debate bill to allow banks to pass client information to US tax authorities in pursuit of American tax evaders. US has threatened to deny Swiss banks access to dollar markets unless the country complies.
: 2013 September - Voters reject a proposal to scrap military conscription.
: 2014 February - A Swiss People's Party proposal to bring back strict quotas for immigration from European Union countries is narrowly passed in a national referendum, invalidating a Swiss-EU agreement on freedom of movement.
: 2014 November - Voters reject a proposal backed by the environmentalist pressure group Ecopop for net immigration to be limited to a maximum of 0.2% of the population.
: 2015 January - The Swiss National Bank responds to the steep depreciation of the euro during 2014 by abruptly terminating the pegging of the franc to the euro introduced in 2011. The move causes the franc to soar and prompts warnings of serious damage to Switzerland's struggling tourism and export sectors.
: 2016 June - Voters in a referendum reject a proposal to introduce an unconditional basic income.
: 2017 February - A measure to make it easier for third generation immigrants to become citizens is approved in a referendum.
: 2017 May - Voters in a referendum approve plans to phase out nuclear energy.
: 2018 March - Voters in a referendum reject a proposal to abolish the mandatory licence fee for public broadcasting.
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==External Links==
==External Links==

Revision as of 14:34, 9 September 2018

FIGU
SEMJASE SILVER STAR CENTRE
SWITZERLAND

Please note that Future Of Mankind is not an official FIGU website.
The information here about the SSSC is not official.
Contact with FIGU can be made via the FIGU website.
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Photo of The Semjase Silver Star Centre from the gallery.

INTRODUCTION
The Semjase Silver Star Centre is in Switzerland... [continue reading]


FACILITIES AND FUNCTION
It is a place of learning, reading and relaxation. [continue reading]


PUBLICATIONS AND IMAGES
The centre publishes its publication(s)[2] at irregular, sporadic intervals throughout the month and year on its website, in German, see External Links. This constitutes the reason why translations have to be prepared into other languages, which emerge some time later. [continue reading]


ENVIRONMENT
The centre is a lush, safe and healthy place to be. And not just because it’s in Switzerland. [continue reading]


Photo of The Semjase Silver Star Centre from the gallery.

VISITING AND VOLUNTEERING
Individuals visit the centre from all over the world. [continue reading]


GETTING THERE AND WHEN
Using a search engine to plan routes and transportation or a satnav are the usual methods used for getting there today. [continue reading]


PHILOSOPHY, ADVICE & EXOTIC
Associated with FIGU - Talkativeness and performing missionary work
and FIGU - How do we differ from a religion or a sect

Use the instructional material entrusted to you by the FIGU as well as all other writings primarily to learn for yourself, for self education / adult learning. [continue reading]


TRIVIA
Many of the beamship photos were taken at this location and nearby locations. [continue reading]



External Links

References

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